Uncover the deep-rooted causes of financial crises and banking failures throughout history. This insightful comparative study spans 500 years, from the Medici era to Barings, examining social philosophies and evolving business practices. Moving beyond market explanations, it reveals the critical role of managerial failures and advocates for a return to ethical banking principles. An indispensable resource for post-graduate students in economics, finance, and banking, and essential for anyone studying financial history and regulation in India.