Uncover the crucial role of earthworms in enhancing Indian soil fertility and environmental health. This comprehensive guide delves into earthworm ecology and environment, featuring 18 selected research papers from leading Indian earthworm biologists. Explore vital aspects of earthworm taxonomy, diversity, and their multifarious applications in boosting crop productivity, improving human health, and tackling solid waste pollution. Essential reading for Indian soil scientists, environmentalists, ecologists, policymakers, farmers, and students keen on sustainable agriculture and pollution abatement. Discover the state-of-the-art in earthworm research for a healthier Indian landscape.