Explore centuries of debate within Islamic thought on warfare and violence. This rigorous historical analysis unpacks how Muslim intellectuals grappled with legitimate and illegitimate violence, tracing critical shifts from the Mongol conquests through European Imperialism. Robert Gleave examines seminal juristic and theological arguments, offering vital insights into the evolution of religious and political discourse. Essential reading for students and scholars of Islamic studies, history, and comparative religion seeking a deep understanding of these complex intellectual traditions in India and beyond.