Explore the critical intersection of Buddhism and India’s enduring caste system. This insightful study examines how Buddhist traditions, from classical teachings to Neo-Buddhism and Ambedkar’s Navayana, engaged with social hierarchies. It unpacks critiques of caste, class, and gender, comparing classical Buddhist perspectives with modern Indian thinkers and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar’s transformative challenge. Essential reading for scholars and students of Indian philosophy, Buddhist studies, sociology, and anyone seeking a deeper understanding of religion’s role in social justice in India.