Decode the complex tapestry of ethnic subnationalist insurgencies shaping South Asia. This insightful study offers a micro-historical analysis and comparative case studies of movements across India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. It dissects the deep-rooted causes, evolving dynamics, and challenges to state authority, revealing how identity, interests, and elite competition fuel mobilization. An essential read for students, researchers, policymakers, and anyone seeking a nuanced understanding of South Asian politics, security, and ethnic conflicts.