Unravel India’s persistent pauperism and destitution in this insightful sociological study. The book delves into the lives of the ultra-poor in rural and urban Gujarat, highlighting the non-labouring masses often overlooked amidst debates on poverty. This compelling analysis draws a stark parallel between present-day Indian social inequality and the mindset of Victorian England’s social Darwinism, revealing a disturbing continuity. Essential for understanding the informal economy and casual labour, this work offers a critical lens on the ‘floating’ and ‘footloose’ transient poor, making it vital for students and researchers of Indian social issues.