Explore the vibrant intellectual clashes defining the late Ottoman Empire and the nascent Turkish Republic. This vital collection offers selected writings from key thinkers—Islamist, Turkist, and Westernist—including Namik Kemal and Ziya Gökalp. Gain profound insights into the socio-political debates that shaped modern Turkey and the emergence of Mustafa Kemal’s influential ideas. An indispensable resource for students and scholars of Ottoman and Turkish history, political science, and intellectual currents. Delve into the formative ideologies that forged a nation’s identity.