Explore the pivotal era of Iranian history from the fall of the Il-Khanid empire to the early 18th century in ‘Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3’. This essential read delves into the emergence of Iran as a ‘national state’ and the definitive rise of moderate Shi’ism, shaping its unique identity within the Islamic world. Discover detailed chapters on European commercial and diplomatic relations, often marked by shared opposition to the Ottoman Turks, particularly from the 16th century onwards. The volume further enriches your understanding with comprehensive insights into social and economic history, the arts, architecture, exact sciences, religion, philosophy, and literature of this transformative period. Essential for history enthusiasts and scholars.