Description
Gateway to the Mediterranean provides a comprehensive environmental history of late Ottoman Izmir, one of the Mediterranean’s most important port cities. Through careful analysis of ecological transformation, resource management, and human-environment interactions, Onur İnal reveals how environmental factors fundamentally shaped urban development and economic change during the Ottoman Empire’s final centuries.
The book examines water systems, agricultural patterns, sanitation infrastructure, and natural resource exploitation in Izmir’s hinterland. By situating the city within broader Mediterranean trade networks and Ottoman imperial structures, İnal demonstrates how local environmental challenges intersected with imperial policies and global commerce. This study contributes significantly to environmental history scholarship by showing how ecological constraints and opportunities influenced urbanization processes in the early modern Mediterranean world.
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